Chips are used to promote all Operators (except 3★ ones) to Elite 1 and can be obtained from the first of the Chip operations.
Chip Packs are used to promote 4★ Operators to Elite 2 and produce Dualchips (see below), and can be obtained from completing the second of the Chip operations.
Dualchips are used to promote 5★ and 6★ Operators to Elite 2, and can only be produced at Factories, requiring two of the respective class' Chip Pack and one Chip Catalyst.